Haj, Impairment for the Antiquity, q
Journal of your American Chinese language People 58: 235-forty. Heading representations of Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, try talked about, that have said of one’s tradition indexed from the al-Nadim (composing c. 987 Ce) that Mani try lame in ft or perhaps in their proper base. One culture could be backed by retranslation away from a term for the the fresh Pahlavi Denkart (step three.two hundred, 1-13) (look for Dinkard, above), using the identity ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to help you Mani (see below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, according to Michael Dols, the guy chatted about “actual infirmities like surface disorders, lameness, paralysis, and deafness and private attributes like balding, leanness, and you may ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The newest Lepers, the newest Lame, the Blind, together with Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) try a prolific, important and you can significantly unattractive copywriter with ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), within Basra (today when you look at the Iraq), whoever really works could have been far cited over the Arab business. ” His aim would be to show that “real infirmities and you will peculiarities do not obstruct a single away from becoming a completely energetic member of the fresh new Muslim society or bar him out-of very important organizations. Al-Jahiz was able one to actual ailments commonly public stigmas but are just what are named treffitoimistot naiset Norja signs of divine blessing otherwise like.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The fresh new leper within the Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, for the p. 901) Even with their own connection with bad societal responses, al-Jahiz in another of his better-understood work, ‘The Wonders out-of Creation’, authored harshly throughout the personal regions of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals death of sounds, “Individuals are bored stiff within his company and then he is a burden on it. They are incapable of tune in to some of the people’s reports and you may discussions. Whether or not establish it’s as though the guy was basically missing, and even though alive it’s since if he was dead.” (cited from the F. v., p. 159). Find 2nd facts. A separate commentator notes you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is the most difficult works by Jahiz, as well as thing is close to unique inside the historical Arabic literature. (Indeed there will not seem to be a keen English translation offered by present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifestyle in Old India as Depicted regarding the Jain Canons. Bombay: New Publication Providers. Disease and procedures, in addition to certain handicaps, off Jaina provide (pp. 178-81). Those with handicaps, also rational retardation, is actually omitted off joining religious requests (194). Find Tattvartha Sutra, below; including next a couple of points).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The new SBE collection put an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, needless to say causes. Right here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted on typical alphabetical order to own comfort.] – The Akaranga Sutra (inside the vol. I), away from probably the 5th century Le, gave classes having a beneficial holy and harmless lifestyle. Impairment and you may handicap arrive, e.grams. “towards break down of the perceptions of ear, eyes, areas of smelling, tasting, holding, one gets familiar with the fresh new decline of lifestyle” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruit out-of wrong acts when you look at the earlier life is: “Boils and leprosy, practices, dropping disorder, blindness and you can stiffness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and you may dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and you will vision-disease, trembling and crippledness, elephantiasis and you can diabetes, These represent the sixteen disorder specified in the owed buy; in addition to all of them of a lot problems and you may injuries exist.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) 1.] Yet proper-minded somebody is to take time to play with inoffensive terms whenever fulfilling a person with like criteria. It “ought not to talk of those in this way: ‘He has got boils or leprosy, an such like [including the fresh new conditions revealed over]; his give was slashed, or their base, nostrils, ear canal, lip is clipped.’ To have due to the fact all of the these people, verbal to such words, become furious, hence, considering really, they have to perhaps not speak with them such vocabulary.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – The latest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (inside Vol. II) plus cards disability that have ageing, “If your looks increases dated, plus locks converts light, the efficacy of your ears decreases”, furthermore to your eyes, nostrils, language, touch (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside the Vol. II) mentions into the passageway the fresh new “blind-created man” (p. 243), and you can “men which walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after relationship is informed of one’s awful disablement out-of one condition: becoming bought throughout the of dawn till midnight by spouse, additionally the other countries in the evening calming babies and you will washing the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks whom get involved in erotic delights try guaranteed nonetheless even worse discomfort when they perish; immediately after which they “could well be produced deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: both blind from the beginning, otherwise certainly stupid otherwise unaware], or stupid by birth.” (p. 363; similar into pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you will 2 (7)].
